What Happens If a Plane Has an Engine Failure?

March 7, 2025 – 8 min read

Plane Engine to illustrate what happens when a plane has an engine failure.

What happens if a plane has an engine failure? Many travelers worry about this possibility, but modern aircraft are built to handle such situations safely. If this thought has ever crossed your mind, you’re not alone. The good news? Planes can still fly and land safely, even with an engine failure. Let’s break down exactly how pilots respond and why flying remains secure.

1. Engine Failures Are Extremely Rare

One of the most common fears among nervous flyers is engine failure, but in reality, this is an exceptionally rare event. Modern jet engines undergo rigorous testing, frequent inspections, and strict maintenance protocols, making them one of the most reliable components of an aircraft. Airlines adhere to precise maintenance schedules, and engines are designed with multiple backup systems to ensure continuous operation and safety.


A single-engine failure is already highly uncommon. According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), an engine failure occurs approximately once per 373.000 flight hours, which means a commercial pilot could fly for decades without ever encountering this issue.

2. Planes Can Fly with One Engine

2.1. Flying and Landing on One Engine

Modern twin-engine commercial aircraft, such as the Airbus A320 and Boeing 737, are designed to fly safely on just one engineThis capability is a standard design requirement for commercial aircraft.

  • Reality Check: If an engine stops working, the other engine provides enough power to keep the aircraft stable and allow for a safe landing.

If an engine fails, the remaining engine provides enough thrust to keep the aircraft flying. Pilots follow specific procedures to stabilize the plane, assess the situation, and decide on the safest course of action. Modern aircraft are aerodynamically designed to compensate for asymmetric thrust, meaning the plane won’t simply spin out of control. Pilots will reduce drag, adjust power settings, and, if needed, divert to the closest airport. Aircraft are tested extensively in simulators and real-world scenarios to ensure they can safely take off, cruise, and land on a single engine.

2.2. Engine Failure During Takeoff

One of the most critical moments for an engine failure is during takeoff when the plane is close to the ground and at full thrust. However, pilots are extensively trained for this scenario. Every takeoff has a pre-determined “decision speed” called V1: the point at which a takeoff must continue even if an engine fails. If an engine fails before V1, pilots can abort the takeoff and safely stop the aircraft on the runway. If the failure happens at or after V1, the takeoff will continue on one engine, and pilots will follow emergency procedures to stabilize the aircraft before making a decision to return to the airport (most likely) or continue the flight.

2.3. What If Both Engines Fail?

While extremely rare, there are protocols in place for a total engine failure. Airplanes don’t just fall from the sky, without engines, they can glide for a long distance. The Airbus A320, for example, has a glide ratio of about 17:1 in optimal circumstances, meaning it can glide 17 units of distance forward for every 1 unit of altitude lost, at best glide speed. Pilots assess multiple factors, including altitude, terrain, and proximity to airports, to determine the safest course of action. There have been real-life cases of pilots successfully landing aircraft after total engine failures, such as the famous “Miracle on the Hudson,” where Captain Sully safely ditched an Airbus A320 in the Hudson River after both engines failed due to bird strikes.

3. Pilots Are Highly Trained for Engine Failures

A reason why you shouldn’t worry about an engine failure is that pilots train extensively and repeatedly for these scenarios in highly advanced full-flight simulators throughout their careers. Airlines require pilots to undergo mandatory recurrent training every six to twelve months, ensuring they remain proficient in handling engine failures under various conditions.

3.1. Pilots Train for Engine Failures in Every Phase of the Flight

Pilots are trained to handle engine failures at any stage, including:

  • Takeoff: Engine failures during takeoff are the most critical due to the low altitude and high power demand. Pilots train for both rejecting takeoff (if the failure occurs before V1 speed) and continuing takeoff (if it happens after V1).
  • Cruising at high altitude: Pilots follow procedures to stabilize the aircraft, communicate with air traffic control, and divert if necessary.
  • Landing with one engine: It is standard scenario in training. Pilots practice asymmetric thrust handling and approach adjustments to ensure a safe landing.

Pilots repeatedly train for these scenarios in advanced flight simulators, where instructors simulate engine failures under various conditions. This continuous training ensures that pilots can respond instinctively and effectively in real-world situations.

3.2. What Happens When an Engine Fails?

If an engine issue occurs, pilots do not panic and they immediately follow a precise checklist to:

  • Assess the situation and determine the cause of the failure. They confirm whether the failure is partial or total and check for possible causes (e.g., bird strike, fuel issue, mechanical failure).
  • Adjust aircraft settings to compensate for asymmetric thrust and optimize performance on the remaining engine.
  • Communicate with air traffic control to coordinate their next steps, including a diversion if required. A single-engine failure does not always mean an emergency landing. Depending on conditions, the aircraft may continue to its destination or divert to a suitable airport.
  • Follow emergency procedures that have been tested and refined over decades.

4. Planes Can Glide Safely Even Without Engines

A common fear about engine failure is the idea that a plane will suddenly drop from the sky. However, this is a myth, commercial airplanes are designed to glide efficiently, even if both engines stop working.

Even without thrust, airplanes do not fall vertically. Instead,  they maintain a controlled descent due to:

This gives pilots plenty of time to:
  • Assess the situation and attempt an engine restart.
  • Communicate with air traffic control for guidance.
  • Identify and prepare for the safest possible landing location.

5. Aircraft Have Multiple Backup Systems for Safety

Modern aircraft are designed with multiple backup systems to ensure that critical controls and instruments remain operational, even in extreme emergencies. Engine failure does not mean a total loss of power, planes have layers of redundancy to maintain safety.

5.1. The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)

One key backup systems is the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), a small engine located in the tail of the aircraft. While the APU does not provide thrust, it plays a crucial role in generating electricity and maintaining essential systems.

How the APU Works:

  • Primarily used on the ground to start the main engines and supply electrical power.
  • Some aircraft allow the APU to run in-flight as a backup power source.
  • In some emergencies, the APU may be used to provide power, but not all aircraft rely on it during engine failure.

5.2. The Emergency Ram Air Turbine (RAT)

If all other power sources fail, pilots can deploy an Emergency Ram Air Turbine (RAT):

  • What is the RAT? A small wind turbine that provides emergency power using airflow.
  • Why is it important? Ensures that pilots can still navigate, communicate, and operate critical flight functions

5.3. Hydraulic and Electrical Backup Systems

Commercial aircraft also have redundant hydraulic and electrical systems to keep essential operations running smoothly.

  • Steering & Flight Controls: Most aircraft have three independent hydraulic systems, ensuring maneuverability even if two systems fail.
  • Braking & Landing Gear: Backup hydraulic and electrical systems ensure safe landings in emergency conditions.
  • Navigation & Communication: Redundant power sources keep cockpit instruments, radios, and autopilot functional.

The Bottom Line: Why You Should Feel Safe Flying

The fear of engine failure is understandable, but airplanes are designed with multiple safety layers to prevent and handle such situations. Trust in the engineering, the rigorous maintenance, and the highly trained professionals in the cockpit. The next time your mind spirals into what if scenarios, remind yourself: planes are built to keep flying, even when things don’t go as planned.

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